NAFLD occurs when your liver begins to store excess fat, causing steatosis (fatty liver). While a certain amount of fat in the liver is normal, when it exceeds 10% of the liver’s weight, it can lead to problems. Although excessive alcohol consumption is a known cause of fatty liver disease, many individuals develop NAFLD without excessive drinking, hence the term “non-alcohol related fatty liver disease.”
How Common is NAFLD?
NAFLD affects up to 25% of people worldwide. Many individuals with NAFLD do not experience symptoms, but around 2% to 5% may face complications as the condition progresses.
Who Does NAFLD Affect?
NAFLD can affect anyone regardless of age or race. Middle age, obesity, and diabetes are commonly associated with NAFLD.
For instance, up to 75% of people with obesity or diabetes, and up to 90% of those with advanced obesity, can develop NAFLD.
Symptoms
Typically, NAFLD does not cause noticeable symptoms until it progresses to NASH (non-alcohol related steatohepatitis). With NASH, you may experience inflammation-related symptoms, such as upper right abdominal pain and swelling. However, these symptoms might not become apparent until NASH has advanced to severe liver damage.
Causes of NAFLD in Non-Drinkers
The exact cause of NAFLD in non-drinkers is not entirely clear, but researchers suspect multiple factors, including:
- Metabolic syndrome
- Diet and nutrition
- Genetics
Complications of NAFLD
Steatohepatitis: About 20% of NAFLD cases progress to NASH, causing chronic liver inflammation that can lead to scarring (cirrhosis).
Pregnancy complications: NAFLD during pregnancy can increase the risk of complications for both the mother and baby, including hypertensive conditions like preeclampsia.
Diagnosis and Tests
Your doctor may suspect NAFLD if blood tests show elevated liver enzymes or if imaging reveals an enlarged liver. Further blood tests and sensitive imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs may be recommended. In some cases, a liver biopsy may be performed to analyse liver tissue and assess fat content and evidence of NASH or cirrhosis.
Management and Treatment
While there is no medication to reverse NAFLD, lifestyle changes can help significantly. Many individuals have successfully reduced liver fat by managing factors like weight, cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar. Aim to lose 3% to 5% of your body weight through gradual, sustainable methods, such as a balanced diet and 30 minutes of daily exercise.
Prevention
Although not all risk factors are preventable, you can manage your weight, cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar through diet and, if necessary, medication. Focus on a diet low in saturated fats, high in unsaturated fats (especially omega-3s), and low in sugar. Regular check-ups with your doctor are crucial.
NAFLD is a growing concern worldwide, but we can combat it. By understanding the risk factors, recognizing symptoms, and adopting a healthier lifestyle, you can reduce the risk and impact of NAFLD on your liver.
